‘The control of physical territory defined international relations for centuries. But in our increasingly technopolar age, it’s the power to create new spaces - virtual, economic, even physical - that matters most. Bruno Maçães brilliantly captures this shift in World Builders, showing how the ability to build and control the technological infrastructure underpinning the very arenas in which states compete for supremacy has become the defining feature of contemporary geopolitics. A must-read for anyone who wants to understand the forces driving global power in the 21st century.’ Ian Bremmer, founder of Eurasia Group and GZERO Media

‘An altogether fascinating and deeply troubling book.’ William Dalrymple, author of The Anarchy: The Relentless Rise of the East India Company

‘In this original and richly sourced book, Bruno Maçães argues that the technological revolution is transforming the very “geo” in geopolitics. It’s a sophisticated and highly stimulating argument, with which everyone interested in international affairs will want to engage.’ Timothy Garton Ash, author of Homelands: A Personal History of Europe