Defending Sin
A Response to the Challenges of Evolution and the Natural Sciences
by Hans Madueme
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Pub Date May 28 2024 | Archive Date Jun 11 2024
Baker Academic & Brazos Press | Baker Academic
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Description
In this major contribution to the field of science and religion, Madueme demonstrates that the classical notion of sin reflected in Scripture, the creeds, and tradition offers the most compelling and theologically coherent account of the human condition. He answers pressing challenges from the physical sciences on both methodological and substantive levels. Scholars, pastors, students, and interested lay readers will profit from interacting with the arguments presented here.
Advance Praise
“The best scientists know that their theories (stories) catch only certain aspects of reality. Isaac Newton once said that ‘what we don’t know is an ocean.’ Hans Madueme rightly insists that the ocean of human reality contains mysterious currents and depths that evolutionary biology cannot reach, hence the need for a robust, biblically grounded account of the human condition and an equally robust doctrine of sin. This is a brave and bracing argument for prioritizing dogma over Darwin—and for retaining the doctrine of original sin as essential to biblical realism, coherent systematic theology, and the gospel itself.”—Kevin J. Vanhoozer, research professor of systematic theology, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
“Working with a wealth of historical and theological material, Hans Madueme offers a comprehensive rehearsal of the historical tension between science and theology, while proposing biblical realism as a way forward. He then adeptly applies this methodology in a critique of recent proposed revisions to the doctrine of sin. Overall, this intelligent and well-researched book encourages Christians to respect scientific findings, while affirming the epistemic primacy of Scripture in our post-Darwinian age. This book is a gift to the church.”—Mary Vanden Berg, Calvin Theological Seminary
“This is the most erudite and theologically sophisticated defense of ‘young earth creationism’ that I have read. Drawing on recent work in the history and philosophy of science as well as biblical and historical theology, Madueme makes a spirited defense of his position even as he admits that the evidence against it appears daunting. The result is a work that is exemplary in its humility and helpful even, or perhaps especially, for someone who (like me) has significant disagreements with the position defended.”—Thomas H. McCall, Timothy C. and Julie M. Tennent Professor of Theology, Asbury Theological Seminary
“This is one of the most detailed, perceptive, and well-researched critiques of theistic evolution I have ever seen. Hans Madueme’s response to the theological challenges posed by evolutionary biology and some other parts of the natural sciences stands out by its boldness as much as by the fair and respectful way in which he treats his opponents. Even though at the end of the day the book’s main argument has not convinced me, I profoundly benefited from Madueme’s sound scholarship and from the countless pertinent observations he makes along the way.”—Gijsbert van den Brink, professor of theology and science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
“Defending Sin does just what the title claims, but there’s more going on here because there’s more at stake. Madueme’s foundation of ‘biblical realism’ is a methodological breath of fresh air—we might say piercingly menthol fresh. No doubt it will be arresting to some, but it is vital in defending biblical authority, the health of the evangelical doctrinal ecosystem, and the constructive engagement of science dogmatically rather than evidentially. Highly recommended.”—Daniel Strange, director, Crosslands Forum
Available Editions
| EDITION | Other Format |
| ISBN | 9780801098000 |
| PRICE | $36.99 (USD) |
| PAGES | 368 |
Available on NetGalley
Featured Reviews
Yakub T, Educator
There is a growth of interest to doctrine of sin in this era of human flourishing, that has been deeply influenced by evolution and natural sciences. This is very important because to misunderstand doctrine of sin means a huge difference on how we accept the doctrine of salvation in our life. Hans Madueme make a very well established critics to theistic evolution in my opinion.
Andrew P, Reviewer
"Defending Sin" by Hans Madueme tackles the complex intersections between Christian theology, particularly the doctrine of sin, and the contemporary challenges posed by evolutionary biology and natural sciences. The book is structured into three main parts: Authority, Protology, and Hamartiology, each delving into the theological implications of scientific insights on the traditional Christian understanding of sin. Madueme’s work is scholarly yet accessible, aiming to provide a robust defense of the classical doctrine of sin in the face of modern scientific paradigms.
Setting the Stage: Changing Conceptions of Sin
Madueme begins by outlining the evolving conceptions of sin within the Christian discourse, influenced by scientific developments. He highlights the tension between traditional theological interpretations and contemporary scientific theories. The quote, "Christian theology here, if anywhere, wages war, pro aris et focis" (Madueme), sets the tone for the book’s argumentative and defensive posture against modern scientific challenges to the doctrine of sin.
Part One: Authority
Science, Theology, and Biblical Authority Madueme discusses the perceived conflict between scientific discoveries and biblical authority. He argues for the primacy of Scripture in theological discourse, even when it appears to contradict scientific evidence. He states, "The Bible was considered a source of truth about history, geography, nature, human origins, and whatever else its words happened to touch" (Madueme), emphasizing the Bible's comprehensive authority over various domains of knowledge.
Biblical Realism: A Dogmatic Proposal In this chapter, Madueme proposes 'Biblical Realism' as a framework for reconciling scriptural truths with scientific understanding. He advocates for an approach that respects both the inerrancy of Scripture and the insights provided by natural sciences, without compromising on either.
Part Two: Protology
Early Genesis and Extrabiblical Knowledge The author examines the Genesis account of creation and its alignment with extrabiblical sources of knowledge, particularly from the ancient Near East. He critiques the liberal theological tendency to dismiss the historicity of early Genesis, instead asserting its foundational role in understanding human origins and sin.
The Unity of the Human Race This chapter tackles the scientific debates around the origin of humans, particularly the idea that modern humans descended from a small population rather than a single pair (Adam and Eve). Madueme defends the theological necessity of a historical Adam and Eve for the Christian doctrine of sin.
The Doctrine of Original Goodness Madueme discusses the concept of 'original goodness' and its erosion through the act of original sin. He argues against modern reinterpretations that downplay or reject the notion of a fall from an originally good creation.
Part Three: Hamartiology
The Fall of Adam and Eve The author explicates the theological implications of the Fall, emphasizing its literal and historical necessity for understanding human sinfulness and the need for redemption through Christ.
Original Sin and the Biological Problem This chapter addresses the biological aspects of original sin, discussing how genetic and evolutionary theories impact the traditional understanding of sin's transmission. Madueme argues for a nuanced view that upholds the theological integrity of original sin while engaging with biological sciences.
Souls and the Nature of Sin The final chapter delves into the nature of the human soul and its relation to sin. Madueme critiques both physicalist and dualist anthropologies, advocating for a view that recognizes the spiritual and physical dimensions of sin without reducing it to mere biological determinism.
Conclusion: Science and the Evangelical Dogmatics of Sin
Madueme concludes by reflecting on the broader implications of his arguments for evangelical theology. He reasserts the importance of maintaining a biblically grounded doctrine of sin in the face of scientific challenges, stating, "The authority of the Holy Scripture...dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or church; but wholly upon God" (Madueme).
